BAD BOYS: Paternal Antisocial Behavior and Sons’ Cognitive Ability: A Population-Based Quasiexperimental Study. “Sons whose fathers had a criminal conviction had lower cognitive ability than sons whose fathers had no conviction . . . Nuclear-family environmental factors did not contribute to the association. Our results suggest that the association between men’s antisocial behavior and their children’s cognitive ability is not causal but is due mostly to underlying genetic factors.”